What’s the Plural of Bureau? A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding the pluralization of nouns is a fundamental aspect of English grammar. While many nouns follow straightforward rules, others, particularly those of foreign origin, can present challenges.

One such noun is “bureau.” Knowing the correct plural form of “bureau” is essential for clear and accurate communication, both in writing and speech. This article provides a comprehensive guide to the pluralization of “bureau,” covering its definition, various plural forms, usage rules, common mistakes, and practice exercises to help you master this concept.

Whether you are a student, a writer, or simply someone looking to improve your English grammar, this guide will provide the knowledge and tools you need.

This article will benefit students learning English grammar, writers who need to ensure accuracy in their work, and anyone who wants to improve their overall language skills. By understanding the nuances of pluralizing “bureau,” you can enhance your communication and avoid common grammatical errors.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Definition of Bureau
3. Structural Breakdown
4. Plural Forms of Bureau
   • Bureaus
   • Bureaux
5. Examples of Bureau and Its Plurals
   • Examples Using “Bureaus”
   • Examples Using “Bureaux”
   • Mixed Examples
6. Usage Rules
7. Common Mistakes
8. Practice Exercises
   • Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
   • Exercise 2: Correct the Sentences
   • Exercise 3: Multiple Choice
9. Advanced Topics
10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
11. Conclusion

Definition of Bureau

The word “bureau” has several meanings, but it generally refers to a piece of furniture or an administrative office. Let’s break down the different contexts in which it’s used:

• Furniture: A bureau is a chest of drawers, often with a mirror on top, used for storing clothes. This is a common household item.
• Office/Agency: A bureau can also refer to a government or commercial office that handles specific tasks or provides particular services. For example, a travel bureau or a news bureau.

The origin of the word is French, which influences its pluralization. Understanding these different meanings is crucial for using the correct plural form in different contexts.

Structural Breakdown

The word “bureau” originates from the Old French word “burel,” which referred to a coarse woolen cloth used to cover desks. Over time, it evolved to mean the desk itself, and then the office or agency using the desk.

The English word retains the French spelling and, consequently, inherits the potential for French-style pluralization.

The structure of the word is relatively simple: a two-syllable word with a stress on the first syllable (BU-ro). However, the complexity arises when forming the plural because English allows for both an English and a French pluralization.

The key structural element to consider is the ending. English nouns typically form plurals by adding “-s” or “-es.” However, words of foreign origin sometimes retain their original pluralization rules.

In the case of “bureau,” both the English “-s” and the French “-x” plural endings are accepted.

Plural Forms of Bureau

The word “bureau” has two accepted plural forms: “bureaus” and “bureaux.” Both are correct, but their usage can vary depending on context and preference. Understanding the nuances of each form is crucial for effective communication.

Bureaus

“Bureaus” is the Anglicized plural form, formed by simply adding an “-s” to the end of the word. This is the more common and widely accepted plural form, especially in American English.

It is generally preferred in less formal contexts or when referring to the furniture meaning of “bureau.”

Bureaux

“Bureaux” is the French plural form, retaining the original French pluralization rule of adding an “-x.” While still correct, it is considered more formal and less common than “bureaus,” especially in American English. It is more likely to be used in formal writing or when referring to the office/agency meaning of “bureau,” particularly in British English or when emphasizing the word’s French origin.

Examples of Bureau and Its Plurals

To illustrate the usage of “bureau,” “bureaus,” and “bureaux,” let’s look at various examples in different contexts. The following tables provide example sentences demonstrating the correct use of each form.

Understanding these examples will help you choose the appropriate plural form in your own writing and speech.

Examples Using “Bureaus”

This table provides examples of the word “bureaus” used in sentences. Note the context and how natural it sounds in each case.

“Bureaus” is generally preferred in American English and less formal contexts.

No.	Example Sentence
1	The furniture store had a wide selection of bureaus on display.
2	She inherited several antique bureaus from her grandmother.
3	The interior designer suggested placing bureaus in each bedroom.
4	The police department has several specialized bureaus that handle different types of crimes.
5	The government established new bureaus to address the growing unemployment rate.
6	Our company has different bureaus in various cities to handle regional operations.
7	We need to reorganize the existing bureaus to improve efficiency.
8	The travel agency has bureaus located in major tourist destinations.
9	The news organization maintains bureaus in several international capitals.
10	The real estate company has multiple bureaus across the state.
11	The library had several old bureaus used for storing historical documents.
12	The museum displayed a collection of antique bureaus.
13	The office supply store sells a variety of bureaus for home and office use.
14	The charity organization set up bureaus to provide assistance to the needy.
15	The research institute has several bureaus dedicated to different fields of study.
16	The consulting firm operates bureaus in different countries to serve its global clients.
17	The insurance company has local bureaus to handle customer claims.
18	The bank has multiple bureaus to manage different financial services.
19	The university established new bureaus to support student research.
20	The hospital has various bureaus to manage patient care and administrative tasks.
21	The factory had bureaus for the workers to store their belongings.
22	Several antique bureaus were being auctioned off.
23	The new office building contained several bureaus for different departments.
24	These bureaus are designed to maximize storage space.
25	She organized her clothes and personal items into the various bureaus.

Examples Using “Bureaux”

This table illustrates the use of “bureaux” in sentences. This form is more formal and often used when referring to government or administrative offices, especially in British English or when emphasizing the French origin of the word.

No.	Example Sentence
1	The government established several new bureaux to handle the crisis.
2	The international organization has bureaux located in various countries.
3	The United Nations maintains several specialized bureaux to address global issues.
4	The European Union has numerous bureaux responsible for different policy areas.
5	The company’s overseas bureaux reported increased profits.
6	The newspaper has bureaux in major cities around the world.
7	The research institution operates several bureaux dedicated to scientific studies.
8	The consulting firm has bureaux in different countries to serve its clients.
9	The law firm maintains bureaux in several states.
10	The non-profit organization has bureaux to provide aid to refugees.
11	The historical documents were stored in the old bureaux.
12	The antique shop had a collection of beautifully restored bureaux.
13	The auction house featured several valuable bureaux.
14	The museum displayed a set of ornate bureaux.
15	The furniture maker specialized in crafting custom bureaux.
16	The government’s various bureaux worked together to implement the new policy.
17	The international corporation managed its global operations through a network of bureaux.
18	The research institute coordinated its studies across multiple bureaux.
19	The consulting firm utilized its bureaux to provide strategic advice to clients.
20	The non-profit organization relied on its bureaux to deliver aid to communities in need.
21	The intelligence agency had several bureaux dedicated to different regions.
22	The United Nations established new bureaux to address the humanitarian crisis.
23	The European Union expanded its network of bureaux to improve coordination.
24	The news agency had bureaux positioned strategically around the world.
25	The company’s international bureaux were instrumental in its global success.

Mixed Examples

This table shows a mixture of sentences using both “bureaus” and “bureaux” to illustrate how both forms can be correct depending on the context and style.

No.	Example Sentence	Notes
1	The antique store sold both bureaus and bureaux.	Both forms are used to indicate a variety of styles.
2	The government has several bureaus addressing different issues, but the most important are the bureaux dealing with national security.	“Bureaus” is used generally, while “bureaux” is used for emphasis.
3	She collected antique bureaus, some of which were referred to as bureaux due to their French origin.	Highlighting the French origin.
4	The company has bureaus in many cities, and its European bureaux are particularly successful.	General vs. specific regional emphasis.
5	We need to update the furniture; let’s get some new bureaus. Also, we should check with the government bureaux for the latest regulations.	Different meanings require different forms.
6	The organization maintained several bureaus to handle local matters, while its international bureaux tackled global challenges.	Differentiating between local and international operations.
7	The interior designer recommended installing several antique bureaus, some of which he referred to as bureaux due to their provenance.	Using “bureaux” to highlight the historical or artistic value.
8	The company’s domestic bureaus focused on local markets, while its overseas bureaux expanded its global reach.	Distinguishing between domestic and international business operations.
9	The museum displayed a collection of historical bureaus, including a few rare examples that were referred to as bureaux due to their unique craftsmanship.	Emphasizing the craftsmanship and historical significance.
10	The government established several bureaus to address various social issues, but the bureaux responsible for public safety received the most funding.	Highlighting the importance of specific departments.
11	The furniture store had a wide selection of bureaus, including some antique bureaux with intricate carvings.	Distinguishing between general furniture and more elaborate pieces.
12	The organization has bureaus in several cities, and its bureaux in Europe are particularly well-known.	Providing a regional context for the organization’s offices.
13	She collected antique bureaus, and some of her most prized possessions were the bureaux from the 18th century.	Emphasizing the historical significance of certain pieces.
14	The company’s domestic bureaus were responsible for local sales, while its international bureaux managed overseas operations.	Differentiating between domestic and international business responsibilities.
15	The museum featured a range of historical bureaus, including some rare bureaux that were considered national treasures.	Highlighting the cultural and historical value of specific items.
16	The government had several bureaus involved in policy development, but the bureaux dealing with economic affairs were particularly influential.	Emphasizing the importance of specific policy areas.
17	The furniture store offered a variety of modern bureaus alongside antique bureaux from different eras.	Contrasting modern and antique furniture styles.
18	The organization operated bureaus in various countries, and its bureaux in developing nations were focused on humanitarian aid.	Providing a geographical and humanitarian context for the organization’s work.
19	She collected vintage bureaus, and the centerpiece of her collection was a set of bureaux from the Art Deco period.	Emphasizing the artistic and stylistic characteristics of specific pieces.
20	The company’s regional bureaus managed local operations, while its central bureaux oversaw global strategy.	Differentiating between regional and central management functions.
21	The museum showcased a diverse array of historical bureaus, including several ornate bureaux that were once owned by royalty.	Highlighting the historical significance and aristocratic connections.
22	The government established multiple bureaus to address various public needs, with specialized bureaux focusing on distinct policy areas.	Emphasizing the specialization and focus of different government departments.
23	The furniture store featured an assortment of modern bureaus alongside antique bureaux, each with its unique charm.	Highlighting the distinctiveness and appeal of different furniture styles.
24	The organization operated bureaus in numerous countries, with strategic bureaux positioned in key international hubs.	Emphasizing the strategic placement and importance of specific international offices.
25	She collected antique bureaus, showcasing a variety of styles, including a few exquisite bureaux that were handcrafted by renowned artisans.	Highlighting the craftsmanship and artistic value of certain pieces.

Usage Rules

Here’s a breakdown of the usage rules for “bureau,” “bureaus,” and “bureaux”:

• “Bureau” (singular): Use “bureau” when referring to a single piece of furniture or a single office/agency.
• “Bureaus” (plural): Use “bureaus” as the standard plural form, especially in American English and in less formal contexts. This form is generally acceptable for both the furniture and office/agency meanings.
• “Bureaux” (plural): Use “bureaux” in more formal writing, particularly in British English, or when emphasizing the French origin of the word. This form is often preferred when referring to government or administrative offices/agencies.

Context is key. Consider your audience, the formality of the situation, and your personal preference when choosing between “bureaus” and “bureaux.”

Common Mistakes

Here are some common mistakes people make when using the word “bureau” and its plural forms:

Incorrect	Correct	Explanation
The government has many bureau.	The government has many bureaus/bureaux.	“Bureau” is singular; a plural form is needed.
She bought a bureaux for her bedroom.	She bought a bureau for her bedroom.	“Bureaux” is plural; a singular form is needed.
The bureaux are located in different states, but the bureau is in Washington.	The bureaus are located in different states, but the bureau is in Washington.	Using both plural forms in the same sentence can be confusing; consistency is better.
I have two bureau in my living room.	I have two bureaus in my living room.	“Bureau” is singular; a plural form is needed.
The office has multiple bureau for different departments.	The office has multiple bureaus for different departments.	“Bureau” is singular; a plural form is needed.
Each bureau have its own responsibilities.	Each bureau has its own responsibilities.	Singular subject “bureau” requires singular verb “has.”
The bureaus was established last year.	The bureaus were established last year.	Plural subject “bureaus” requires plural verb “were.”
The bureaux is responsible for international affairs.	The bureaux are responsible for international affairs.	Plural subject “bureaux” requires plural verb “are.”
She organized her belongings in the bureau. Now all the item are stored neatly.	She organized her belongings in the bureau. Now all the items are stored neatly.	“Item” should be plural “items” to agree with “all”.
There are several government bureau that need reform.	There are several government bureaus/bureaux that need reform.	“Bureau” is singular; a plural form is needed.

Practice Exercises

Test your understanding with these practice exercises. Each exercise focuses on different aspects of using “bureau” and its plural forms.

Answers are provided at the end of each exercise.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of “bureau” (bureau, bureaus, or bureaux).

No.	Sentence	Answer
1	The antique shop had a beautiful old _____.	bureau
2	The government established several new _____.	bureaus/bureaux
3	She stored her clothes in the _____.	bureau
4	The company has _____ in different countries.	bureaus/bureaux
5	Each _____ is responsible for a specific task.	bureau
6	The furniture store sells a variety of _____.	bureaus
7	The international organization has several _____.	bureaus/bureaux
8	He organized his papers in the _____.	bureau
9	The police department has specialized _____.	bureaus
10	The United Nations maintains various _____.	bureaus/bureaux

Answers: 1. bureau, 2. bureaus/bureaux, 3. bureau, 4. bureaus/bureaux, 5. bureau, 6. bureaus, 7. bureaus/bureaux, 8. bureau, 9. bureaus, 10. bureaus/bureaux

Exercise 2: Correct the Sentences

Correct the following sentences if they contain errors in the use of “bureau” or its plural forms.

No.	Sentence	Corrected Sentence
1	The government has many bureau.	The government has many bureaus/bureaux.
2	She bought a bureaux for her bedroom.	She bought a bureau for her bedroom.
3	I have two bureau in my living room.	I have two bureaus in my living room.
4	The office has multiple bureau for different departments.	The office has multiple bureaus for different departments.
5	The bureau are located in different cities.	The bureaus/bureaux are located in different cities.
6	The bureaux was established last year.	The bureaux were established last year.
7	Each bureaus has its own responsibilities.	Each bureau has its own responsibilities.
8	The international organisation contains many bureau.	The international organisation contains many bureaus/bureaux.
9	The new bureau are very modern.	The new bureaus/bureaux are very modern.
10	All the bureau are painted with different colours.	All the bureaus/bureaux are painted with different colours.

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct form of “bureau” for each sentence.

No.	Question	Options	Answer
1	The furniture store had several ____ on display.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	b) bureaus/c) bureaux
2	The government established a new ____ to handle the crisis.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	a) bureau
3	The company’s international ____ reported increased profits.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	b) bureaus/c) bureaux
4	She keeps her jewelry in the top drawer of her ____.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	a) bureau
5	The police department has several specialized ____.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	b) bureaus
6	The United Nations maintains several ____ around the world.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	b) bureaus/c) bureaux
7	The antique dealer had a beautiful old ____ for sale.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	a) bureau
8	The organization’s ____ work to provide aid to those in need.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	b) bureaus/c) bureaux
9	The museum displayed a collection of antique ____.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	b) bureaus/c) bureaux
10	Each government ____ is responsible for a specific area of policy.	a) bureau b) bureaus c) bureaux	a) bureau

Advanced Topics

For advanced learners, consider these more nuanced aspects of using “bureau” and its plural forms:

• Formal vs. Informal Usage: As mentioned earlier, “bureaux” is generally considered more formal. Pay attention to the tone of your writing and audience.
• Regional Differences: Be aware of regional preferences. American English tends to favor “bureaus,” while British English may lean towards “bureaux,” especially in formal contexts.
• Emphasis on Origin: If you want to emphasize the French origin of the word, using “bureaux” can be a stylistic choice.
• Consistency: Within a single document or piece of writing, maintain consistency in your choice of plural form.

Understanding these nuances will help you use “bureau” and its plural forms with greater precision and confidence.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Here are some frequently asked questions about the pluralization of “bureau”:

1. Is “bureaus” or “bureaux” more correct?

   Both “bureaus” and “bureaux” are correct. “Bureaus” is the Anglicized form and is more common, especially in American English. “Bureaux” is the French plural form and is considered more formal, often used in British English or when emphasizing the word’s French origin.

2. When should I use “bureaux” instead of “bureaus”?

   Use “bureaux” in more formal writing, particularly in British English, or when you want to emphasize the French origin of the word. It is also often preferred when referring to government or administrative offices.

3. Can I use “bureaux” when referring to furniture?

   While technically correct, using “bureaux” to refer to furniture is less common. “Bureaus” is generally preferred in this context, especially in American English.

4. Is it incorrect to mix “bureaus” and “bureaux” in the same document?

   While not strictly incorrect, it’s generally best to maintain consistency within a single document. Choose one form and stick with it unless there is a specific reason to switch, such as emphasizing the origin of a particular bureau.

5. What is the origin of the word “bureau”?

   The word “bureau” comes from the Old French word “burel,” which referred to a coarse woolen cloth used to cover desks. Over time, it evolved to mean the desk itself and then the office or agency using the desk.

6. Is “bureau” considered a foreign word in English?

   While “bureau” has a French origin, it is now a fully integrated English word. However, its French origin influences its pluralization, allowing for both “bureaus” and “bureaux” as accepted plural forms.

7. How do I pronounce “bureaux”?

   The pronunciation of “bureaux” is similar to “bureaus,” but with a slightly more French-sounding “o” at the end. In English, it’s often pronounced as /bjʊˈroʊz/.

8. Is there a difference in meaning between “bureaus” and “bureaux”?

   No, there is no difference in meaning between “bureaus” and “bureaux.” Both refer to the plural form of “bureau,” whether referring to furniture or offices/agencies. The choice between the two is primarily a matter of style and context.

Conclusion

Understanding the pluralization of “bureau” is a small but important aspect of mastering English grammar. While both “bureaus” and “bureaux” are correct plural forms, their usage can vary depending on context, formality, and regional preferences.

Remember that “bureaus” is the more common and widely accepted form, particularly in American English, while “bureaux” is considered more formal and is often used in British English or when emphasizing the word’s French origin.

By understanding the nuances of each form and practicing their usage, you can communicate more effectively and avoid common grammatical errors. Pay attention to the context, your audience, and your personal preference when choosing between “bureaus” and “bureaux.” Consistent and thoughtful usage will enhance your writing and speaking skills, making you a more confident and proficient English speaker.